Cancer types, listed alphabetically.

Urothelial cancers differ in depth of invasion and molecular profile.

Central nervous system tumour classification now integrates molecular features with histology.

Breast cancer is biologically diverse. Receptor status and proliferation markers, along with molecular findings, contribute to how the disease is understood and managed.

Related:Molecular testingHormone therapyAntibody-drug conjugates

Colorectal cancer behaviour varies by tumour location, pathology and molecular profile.

Related:Molecular testingImmunotherapyCancer genetics

Gastric and gastro-oesophageal cancers vary in pathology and molecular characteristics.

Leukaemias, lymphomas and myeloma are classified using morphology, immunophenotype and molecular findings.

Head and neck cancers vary by site, viral association and pathology.

Renal cell carcinoma includes several subtypes with distinct biology.

Liver cancer management is shaped by both tumour characteristics and underlying liver function.

Lung cancer is one of the areas where molecular characterisation has most changed clinical thinking, particularly in non-small cell histologies.

Related:Molecular testingTargeted therapyImmunotherapy

Melanoma biology and treatment thinking have been substantially shaped by molecular and immune characterisation.

Related:Targeted therapyImmunotherapy

Ovarian cancer includes several histological subtypes with different biology and clinical course.

Related:Cancer geneticsTargeted therapy

Pancreatic cancer often presents late and remains challenging to treat, which makes careful individual assessment important.

Prostate cancer ranges from indolent disease to aggressive, treatment-resistant presentations.

Related:Hormone therapyCancer genetics

Rare tumours, cancers of unknown primary and treatment-refractory disease often benefit from careful, deliberate characterisation.

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumours of soft tissue and bone.

Thyroid cancers range from indolent differentiated tumours to aggressive subtypes.